Training

Training means developing a playing skill to a preferred standard by instruction and thorough practice. The base of any effectual football-conditioning series is strength training.

These are the core aspects of soccer training that every player and soccer coach should focus on.

• speed;
• strength;
• stamina;
• suppleness;
• skill.

Two other S’s sometimes associated with describing soccer training are:

• specificity (what do you need to fit for);
• spirit (psychological aspect).

One key element of soccer training is specificity, in that what you want to be fit for, determines which of these S’s has the most weight or importance. For example, a golfer would not need much speed but would need a lot of skill.

A 100m sprinter, needs speed, strength, but not much stamina, a gymnast needs strength, skill, suppleness and stamina. However this stamina is different from the type of stamina that an endurance runner needs.

Team sports like soccer make it even harder to determine what areas of training are required. The types required will depend upon positions and role in the team, but one key area is skill and specificity. Soccer players should be soccer players first and athletes second. This doesn’t mean that their athletic areas of training, speed, strength, stamina etc. are not important, because they are, but skill and specificity and perhaps spirit are the most important.

Having said that, a very skillful soccer player who cannot last the whole match due to lack of stamina, or cannot get to the soccer ball due to lack of speed, is not as useful to the team as the soccer player who has slightly less skill, but more speed and stamina.

Plus, it’s crucial to have the stamina and training to play soccer as good and level headed at the end of the game as you play at the beginning of the game.

There are two specific types of stamina in soccer that we are interested in and these aerobic and anaerobic.

Aerobic Soccer Training

Aerobic training determines the level at which you can take in and use oxygen to perform an activity. An activity like walking doesn’t put much stress on your body and most people can cope with this aerobic activity.

Aerobic activities are activities like jogging, where you can continue without getting too tired. You work at a rate which means you don’t get completely fatigued or out of breath. Aerobic training will increase the level at which this fatigue takes place, and will make your heart and lungs more efficient for exercise. You will be able to run further and faster before getting tired.

Anaerobic Soccer Training

Anaerobic training determines the level at which you can work at a high intensity. This usually means short bursts of activity, where you will often be out of breath. You are working at a level where your body cannot provide enough oxygen and your muscles need to get energy from glycogen. You can only work for a short time at this level before you get too fatigued and go into something called “oxygen debt”. An example of anaerobic exercise is sprinting.

Anaerobic training will make your body more efficient at using glycogen as a stored fuel and also help it deal with oxygen debt. One effect of oxygen debt is the buildup of lactic acid, which is felt when your legs for example, feel a burning sensation at the end of an intense long sprint. This lactic acid needs to be removed from muscles as quickly as possible and anaerobic training helps make your muscles more efficient at coping with lactic acid and better at removing waste products from muscles.

Overall Soccer Training

Soccer players need a combination of aerobic and anaerobic training due to the nature of the game and the fact that there is continuous movement with lots of short bursts of more intense activity. Some positions require higher levels of anaerobic training than others, some require more aerobic training. A midfield player is required to cover a lot of ground during a game and needs a good aerobic engine. A striker on the other hand requires short bursts of repeated activity and requires more speed and anaerobic training.

One key aspect of soccer training is that each player is different and has different training requirements dependent upon their inherent physical abilities, their desire to train, age and position played. Soccer is a team sport and as such, players train together as a team. This is important for many reasons, but it also means that not all conditioning type sessions or activities have equal benefits across all players.

Where time is available to test and analyze results, it is much better if programs can be tailored for each player or group of players with the same requirements. This is important from around the age of 13 and up, when the effects of training have much more of an impact. Conditioning and speed training at 10-13 years has less impact. An FA coaching report suggested that players 10-12 benefit from training in that it prepares them physically and mentally for training when they are older. Their motor skills develop and they learn skills like how to run fast, as well as obvious ball skills when carrying out normal soccer skills training.

Once past puberty, speed endurance and strength, speed sessions will have more impact. Before that stage, sessions should not be too intense, involving shorter sessions with little emphasis on stamina. Plyometrics and strength building activities should be carried it with great care pre-puberty. For those just starting out in training, use low level strength and plyometric exercises with younger players, only to get techniques right, and prepare the body for more intense training when they get older.

At all times, however, speed and conditioning sessions are secondary to work done with the soccer ball. Individual skills and team play are the key elements to success, but having training can only make a good soccer player better.

And, soccer teams that are fit get fewer injuries and are able to win game in the final ten minutes when other teams are tired and end up making mistakes.

It’s also important to keep in mind what position on the field a player plays for the team. And the different types of runs and movements each player makes throughout a game. While all players have to be able to shuffle backwards and adjust to an attacker dribbling at them, it’s crucial that defenders are light on their feet and able to make angled runs back to defend and don’t get caught diving in. So setup drills where defenders are spending time working running backwards and adjusting their feet like they would in a real game.